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CD357, also known as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein (GITR) or TNFRSF18, is an inducible type I transmembrane protein and member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
CD357 is expressed at low levels on thymocyte subsets, resting T cells, B cells, macrophages, and at high levels on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Upon activation, expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is upregulated. Triggering of CD357 has been described to modulate Treg function and costimulate effector T cells. Stimulation of T cells through CD357 can abrogate the inhibitory function of Tregs. It is hypothesized that CD357 has a role in the maintenance of immunological self tolerance, and mouse models of autoimmune disease suggest that CD357 activation may break self-tolerance and induce autoimmunity.
TNFRSF18, AITR, GITR-D
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