Human GDNF, research grade，130-129-547，美天旎

GDNF stands for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Human GDNF is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.

Human GDNF may be used for a variety of applications, including:

• Growth and differentiation of neurons and synapses.
• Survival and differentation factor in neuronal cell culture.
• Analysis of apoptosis and signaling pathways.

Biological activity

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a disulfide-bonded homodimeric protein. GDNF and its related factors neurturin (NRTN), persephin (PSPN), and artemin (ARTN) are being referred to as GDNF family ligands (GFLs), which belong to the TGF-β superfamily. They activate intracellular signaling cascades through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET and one of the four GFRα (α1-α4) receptors. GDNF is expressed by a number of cell types including type 1 astrocytes, Schwann cells, neurons, pinealocytes, and skeletal muscle cells. GDNF has been shown to promote the survival of various neuronal subpopulations in the central nervous system, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons and motoneurons. Furthermore, it supports the survival and regulates the differentiation of many peripheral neurons, such as sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory and enteric neurons. Outside the nervous system GDNF functions as a morphogen in kidney development and regulates spermatogonial differentiation.

Research-grade cytokines are suitable for a wide variety of cell culture applications. They are sterile-filtered prior to lyophilization. Generally, endotoxin levels are <0.1 ng/μg (<1 EU/μg), and purities are >95%. The biological activity is tested in appropriate bioassays.

Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/μg (<0.1 EU/μg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific activities are stated in the Certificate of Analysis (www. miltenyibiotec.com/certificates).