Human R-Spondin 1, research grade，130-133-545，美天旎

R-Spondin 1 stands for roof plate-specific spondin-1. Human R-Spondin 1 is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.

Human R-Spondin 1 can be used for a variety of applications including:

• Stimulation of adult stem cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
• Investigation of embryonic development and tissue differentiation.
• Study of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Optimal concentration for a specific application should be determined by a dose-response experiment.

F-spondin

Biological activity

R-Spondin-1, also known as Rspo-1, is a growth factor belonging to the R-Spondin family. R-Spondins are four proteins that support adult stem cell proliferation, and act as Wnt modulators by signaling through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway as agonists. LGR4, LGR5, and LGR6 have been identified as receptors for all four R-Spondins. R-Spondin 1 is expressed in the nervous system during development and in endocrine tissues, especially in the gonads. It potentiates the signaling of Wnt-4 and antagonizes DKK-1 activity, and is crucial for the formation of female phenotype by opposing male phenotype development. R-Spondin 1 is also involved in the control of keratin formation, in the induction of cell proliferation in mucosal tissues, and in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory processes.

Research-grade cytokines are suitable for a wide variety of cell culture applications. They are sterile-filtered prior to lyophilization. Generally, endotoxin levels are <0.1 ng/μg (<1 EU/μg), and purities are >95%. The biological activity is tested in appropriate bioassays.

Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/μg (<0.1 EU/μg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific activities are stated in the Certificate of Analysis (www. miltenyibiotec.com/certificates).